Data Encryption Essay -- Encrypting Text Essays

Data Encryption I. What is Data Encryption? Data encryption describes the transformation of plain text into a different format that is meaningless read by human eye without being decrypted, so called cipher text, in order to prevent any unauthorized party to obtain information from the document. According to the Webster dictionary, â€Å"cryptography is the practice and study of data encryption and decryption - encoding data so that it can only be decoded by specific individuals.† Crypto is derived from the Greek word kruptos, to hide, from kruptein, which means hidden and secret. In the old days, people attempted to withhold certain information as their private possession, and to hide the information from exposures to the public. There were many different methods they used in order to conceal this information, such as substituting part of the information by symbols, numbers or pictures for different reasons to protect their secrets. With the advancement of human intellects and modern computing powers, cryptosystems are invented as systems used to encrypt and decrypt data electronically. By deploying sophisticated mathematical algorithm into the process, it combines the original data with one or more a serial of numbers or strings of characters, as known as â€Å"k eys† privately and solely owned by sender and/or recipient. Cipher text is generated as an end result of this process. The computer aided data encryption is much more accurate, efficient and reliable compared to the ancient methods. Encryption has a very long history,1 which can be traced back to about 1900 B.C. Cryptography was first used in the form of hieroglyphic inscription by an ... ...partment of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, , Docket Number 000929280-1201-02 2. Federal Information, Processing Standards Publication 197, Announcing the Advanced Encryption Standards, (November 26, 2001) 3. Jim Reavis, Network World Fusion, , (July 30, 2001) 4. Joan Daemen,Vicent, Rijmen, The RijnDael Block Cipher, AES Proposal, (2000) 5. Lou Breit, Security Demands Lead to Strong Measures, Enterprise Networking Magazine, (December, 2002) 6. SANS Institute, History of Encrytion, Information Security Reading Room, 2001 7. Think Quest Team, Data Encryption, History, Legal and Ethics, (Copyright@1999) 8. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, Prentice Hall PTR, page 479-512, Third Edition, (1996)

HIV/AIDS Policies in the US

Today, the 26 year old HIV/AIDS is becoming one of the major challenges facing health-care policymakers worldwide (HIV/AIDS Policy in the US, 2006). According to Collins (2007), there are over 1.5 million HIV infections and more than half a million deaths into HIV/AIDS afflicted in the United States.The acronym AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and describes the collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the severe damage of immune system caused by the HIV in humans.On the other hand, HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system, and destroys or impairs their function (Fast facts about AIDS, n.d.; AIDS 2006).The introduction of HIV infection into the human body results to progressive depletion of the immune system, leading to immune deficiency. People who are described as immune-deficient are highly vulnerable to a wide range of infections known as opportunistic infections that take advantage of a w eakened immune system.Hence, it is vital to measure the level of HIV in the body and the appearance of certain infections as these are used as indicators that HIV infection has progressed to AIDS (Fast facts about AIDS, n.d.; AIDS 2006). With these, there are numerous policies and guidelines published to fight against HIV/AIDS.EVIDENCE OF THE PROBLEMAccording to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), the cumulative number of estimated deaths in the U.S. of persons with AIDS through 2005 are 525,442, including 4,865 children under the age of 13 and persons living with AIDS are 437,982 (HIV/AIDS in the United States, 2007).In the past two decades, the demographics of HIV/AIDS have changed, moving from an illness that initially affected white gay men to a disease that increasingly affects men of color or African men who have sex with the same sex, women and older adults (Gorin, 2004).The prevalence rates of AIDS among African American men and women rose up by 150 percent between 1993 and 2001 compared with a 68% rate increase among white people.The rates of HIV/AIDS among communities of color were notably higher than those for white people when considering their percentage of the total population. For instance, the African Americans only make up 12% of the U.S. population, however account for 76.3% of individuals with AIDS.In addition, African American teenagers ages 13 to 19 make up only 15% of U.S. teenagers, but account for 61% of new AIDS cases reported among teenagers in 2001 (KFF, 2003a). This shows that African American or communities of color have high incidence of HIV/AIDS compared to white people both in the teenage or adult population.On the other hand, women represent an increasing proportion of new AIDS cases. The epidemiology shows that African American women represent a greater number of AIDS cases than white women.There were 7,113 newly reported AIDS cases among African American women in 2001 compared with 1,981 among white women. These correlates s uggest that women in communities of color have a higher probability of contracting HIV/AIDS than white people (KFF, 2003b).In addition, majority of women in all groups are most likely to have been infected by heterosexual contact and injection drug use. The results shows that 67% African American are infected by heterosexual contact compared with 59% white women while 30% African American are infected through drug injection compared with 38% white women.This shows that HIV/AIDS contracted with heterosexual contact is higher in African American women while HIV/AIDS contracted with the use of drug injection is greater in white women.   Furthermore, heterosexual contact accounts for 75% of HIV infection among women 13 to 24 years of age (KFF, 2003b).These show that teenage or young adults are engaging to sexual intercourse at an early age give them higher risk of being afflicted with the disease.Among older adults, the CDC estimates 42,104 people ages 55 and older were living with AI DS in 2002, including 8,902 people 65 and older (CDC, 2003). Among older adults, the risk is particularly high for gay men who abuse drugs or engage in anonymous sexual encounters and for women above 60 years of age, who is due to normal bodily changes, face higher risk for HIV infection during intercourse.Even though little attention has been given to preventing HIV and AIDS in older adults, there are numerous older adults that do not understand the importance of condom usage or other precautions when engaging in sexual contact.In addition, many physicians fail to provide the information on the related risk factors of HIV/AIDS or discuss the necessary information to help older adults protect themselves against infection (Laurence & Luciano, 2000).Hence, this reflects the general perception that the older adult population is not at risk of HIV and society's reluctance to discuss at-risk behaviors. For these and other reasons, older adults have been called a â€Å"hidden HIV risk gr oup† (Gorin, 2004).

Signal Conditioning Characteristics Engineering Essay

This study presents the design, execution of a room temperature lumberman which measures temperature, and logs in informations utilizing a clip specified by the user in seconds. It besides shows the consequence and analysis of noise nowadays in the system. The temperature is sensed utilizing a type K thermocouple whose end product is fed through an AD595 signal conditioner which performs cold junction compensation, linearization and elaboration. A hardware filter is so created to filtrate the signal coming out from the AD595 signal conditioner. A data acquisition card is provided which takes the end product of the signal and converts it from parallel into digital signifier and presents the informations to the computing machine system running LabView Virtual Instrumentation package. The LabVIEW Virtual Instrumentation plan so digitise electromotive force by executing noise analysis utilizing power spectral denseness, and change over the electromotive force signals into temperature. Th e LabView VI besides provides a block diagram where the instruments are placed, and a forepart panel which provides graphical and numerical temperature show to the user and shops the temperature over clip in a file on the computing machine. High and Low temperature set points are provided with an dismay system to supply audiovisual warnings accompanied with a honking sound to the user if temperature deviates from the set points. The most popular transducer for mensurating temperature is the thermocouple. It is one of the simplest of all detectors ; it is an cheap, rugged device that can run over a really broad scope of temperatures. The thermocouple besides has alone signal conditioning demands. Thermocouples operate on the rule that the junction of two dissimilar metals generates a electromotive force that varies with temperature. The end product is a little electromotive force measured between the two wires ( National Instruments, 2010 ) Figure1: Thermocouple ( culled from www.capgo.com/Resources/Temperature/Thermocouple/thermocouple.html ) The thermocouple Acts of the Apostless as a temperature detector and it produces a comparatively little end product electromotive force. To show a more feasible consequence from electromotive force, signal conditioning is required by either linearizing or amplifying. The thermocouple used is a type K which consists of chromel and alumel. In order to input the information from the thermocouple into a computing machine, vitual instrumentality is used to treat the signal by utilizing suited package which generates studies and consequences. The thermocouple ( which is a transducer ) converts temperature to voltage and a information acquisition board is so used to change over the parallel signals into digital signals which are so fed to the computing machine. The DAQ acquisition package ( Labview VI ) converts the digital signals into graphical indexs utilizing the front panel and block diagrams. Display charts are so placed to reexamine the signal acquired.1.1 AIMThe purpose of this study is to bring forth a Labview VI to get temperature informations from the thermocouple ( Type K ) , runing from 20A °C – 50A °C ; supplying valid instantaneous numerical informations, an dismay option ( Tmax – Tmin ) , a graphical end product and a file storage option. The study presents a brief theory subdivision, the following subdivision discusses the experimental apparatus ( with the package filter and hardware filter ) , processs and design considerations, so the consequences are produced, and so the decision.2. Theory2.1 ThermocoupleA thermocouple is a type of temperature detector, with its circuit holding at least two junctions ; the measuring junction and a mention junction. The mention junction is created where the two wires connect to the measurement device. The measurement junction is the terminals of the two wires, but because they are assumed to be at the same temperature ( isothermal ) they are considered as one ( thermal ) junction. The end product electromotive force is related to the temperature difference between the measuring and the mention junctions. This is known as the Seebeck consequence. The Seebeck consequence generates a little electromotive force along the length of a wire, and is greatest where the temperature gradient is greatest ( Capgo, 2010 ) .2.2 SIGNAL CONDITIONING & A ; CHARACTERISTICSDetector Electrical CHARACTERISTICS SIGNAL CONDITIONING REQUIREMENT Thermocouple Low-tension end product. Low sensitiveness. Nonlinear end product. Reference temperature detector ( for cold-junction compensation ) . High elaboration Linearization. Table 1: Electrical Features and Basic Signal Conditioning Requirements ( culled from hypertext transfer protocol: //zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/4084 # toc2 ) . The thermocouple has its assorted features and ensuing signal conditioning demands ( as shown above ) . The choice of a peculiar solution nevertheless depends on the size of one ‘s pocket, development velocity, elaboration factor and linearization. A simple solution is by utilizing an IC bit ( such as the AD595 ) which provides signal conditioning, cold junction compensation, high electromotive force addition ( elaboration ) and compensates for non one-dimensionality of the thermocouple signal. It has been preconfigured to supply a electromotive force end product relative to temperature ( 10mV/A °C ) straight from type J/K thermocouple signals. The device is packaged in a 14 pin DIL IC bit. It operates utilizing a broad supply electromotive force scope +5 to 30V.2.2 DATA ACQUISITION ( DAQ )Data acquisition involves garnering signals from measuring beginnings and digitising the signals for storage, analysis, and presentation on a Personal computer. The intent of informations a cquisition is to mensurate an electrical or physical phenomenon such as electromotive force, current temperature, force per unit area, or sound. The PC-based informations acquisition system is defined by its application demands by geting, analyzing and showing information. Data acquisition systems integrated signals, detectors, actuators, signal conditioning, informations acquisition devices and applications package. Figure 2: PC-based Data Acquisition ( culled from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ni.com/dataacquisition/whatis.htm )3. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND PROCEDURE3.1 EXPERIMENT ( WITH HARDWARE FILTER )Figure 3: Block diagram for Experiment with hardware filter.3.1.1 HARDWARE FILTER SELECTIONBecause the signal passing through the system is low ( i.e. 10mv/A °C ) a lowpass filter is used to observe the signal passing through. Due to the creative activity of the filter ( hardware ) a cut-off frequence has to be set in order to find the value for the capacitance and the resistance to be used, i.e. utilizing a RC filter. Figure 4: RC filter. To find the resistance and capacitance to be used the expression for a RC filter is used, such that ; Where C = electrical capacity, which was given at 0.1A µF, R= Resistance, and = Cut-off Frequency. The cut-off frequence is defined as the frequence below which the addition drops 3dB ( National Instruments, 2009 ) . A cut-off frequence of 4Hz was chosen. Therefore at a cut-off frequence of 4Hz, and a electrical capacity of 0.1A µf, we have the opposition at ; R = 397.89Ka„ ¦ .3.1.1 CIRCUIT CONNECTIONFor the circuit connexion, a type K thermocouple and a pre-calibrated signal conditioner AD595 were supplied. The circuit for thermocouple conditioning was built utilizing a veroboard. Figure 5: Thermocouple Signal Conditioning Circuit with a beltway for the hardware filter ( Culled from Analogue Devices Monolithic Thermocouple Amplifiers with Cold Junction Compensation AD594/AD595 Datasheet ) . A hardware filter is connected to the end product of the AD595 at pin 8, such that the signal is been filtered before come ining into the DAQ. The positive terminus of the end product is connected to the linear channel on the DAQ, which provides the filtered signal. Besides, at pin 8 the junction of the AD595 and the hardware filter, signal is tapped out, which is connected to another parallel channel on the DAQ, which provides the unfiltered signal. The common or signal land is connected to the linear channel land. Besides, pin 11 with an end product of +5V was connected to the DAQ, to feed a electromotive force beginning to the system. The connexion manner used is the referenced individual ended ( RSE ) because the full negative terminuss are common ( i.e. grounded ) . Double ended input harmonizing to informations sheet of the thermocouple signal conditioning unit ensures really low degree of noise. The end product provided readings for when the signals are filtered and unfiltered .3.1.2 DAQ CONFIGURATIONThe matching of input electromotive force scope to end product electromotive force scope of transducer is required to take advantage of the DAQ ‘s declaration. From the AD595, the end product electromotive force per temperature is 10m/A °C, hence, the end product electromotive force scope of the transducer at Tmin = 0A °C is 0V and at Tmax = 50A °C is 500m. A scene of Vmin = 0 and Vmax = 1V will be sufficient because the input electromotive force rang to the DAQ is non expected to swing above 1V. Figure 6: DAQ Configuration3.2 VI ProgramA practical instrument plan is made up both the front panel and the block diagram. The front panel acts as the user interface to the measuring systems and it contains controls and indexs. A VI was created to analyze and expose temperature signal. Graphic indexs are required to see and analyze the information. The figure below shows the VI for analysis. Figure 7: Block diagram of signal analysis and thermometer measuring Figure 8: Block diagram of informations file and temperature lumberman. Figure 9: Front panel demoing the signal wave form, and temperature reading From Figure 7, since there is an in reinforced filter ( the hardware filter ) , the end product signal from the DAQ is split into two parts incorporating a filtered signal, and an unfiltered signal ( which was tapped out ) . Both signal are connected to the spectral measuring which analysis the input signal and provides a PSD ( Power Spectral Density ) , which plots the Power against frequence, and it ‘s suited for analysing the noise in the signal. In order to obtain the temperature readings from the thermocouple, a thermometer is placed such that readings from the end product signal ( sing the filtered signal ) is assumed to be multiplied by 100 ( as shown in the informations sheet ) to give an accurate reading in temperature ( A °C ) . String sections are set such that a show is shown at the front panel when the temperature is above or below a temperature scope set ( say 30A °C – 50A °C ) . Figure 8 shows how the information is being salvage and how the lumberman is set. The signal inputs passes through the mean, which sends selected signals into the write measuring file, and harmonizing to the scene of the lumberman ( in seconds ) , the readings are being stored. Figure 9 shows the front panel of the VI, here it is seeable to see the result of the temperature reading, and controls are set in order to alter the system harmonizing to the user ‘s desire. A thermometer is set to demo the temperature reading when increasing or decreasing, an dismay is placed such that if readings are above or below a set status, a warning is set so that the dismay index water chickweeds and a beeping sound is heard. The following below show constellations of some of the diagrams discussed above ; Figure 10: Configure Spectral Measurements Figure 11: Configure to Write to Measurement File4. Result4.1 VI PROGRAM OUTPUTFigure 12: PSD demoing the filtered ( ruddy ) and unfiltered ( white ) signals. Figure 13: User Interface demoing the thermometer and the lumberman with historical informations. LabVIEW MeasurementAAAWriter_Version 0.92AAReader_Version 1AACentrifuge CheckAAMulti_Headings NoAAX_Columns MultiAATime_Pref AbsoluteAAOperator AOGUNS11AADate 03/11/2010AATime 30:09.6AA***End_of_Header***AAAAAAAChannelss 2AASamples 1A1 Date 03/11/2010A03/11/2010 Time 30:09.6A30:09.6 X_Dimension TimeATime X0 0.00E+00A0.00E+00 Delta_X 1A1 ***End_of_Header***AAAX_Value Unfiltered ( V ) X_Value Filtered V 0 0.23743 0 0.239368 23.171875 0.297004 23.17188 0.295841 23.734375 0.310529 23.73438 0.31329 26.734375 0.293301 26.73438 0.290185 29.734375 0.272209 29.73438 0.27214 32.734375 0.25337 32.73438 0.252483 35.734375 0.248862 35.73438 0.248778 38.734375 0.241455 38.73438 0.241785 41.734375 0.242099 41.73438 0.243864 Table 2: Sample of Log file at 3sec interval4.2 NOISE INVESTIGATIONFigure 14: PSD of filtered ( ruddy ) and unfiltered ( black ) signals at 1000 sample per rhythm and at a frequence of 1KHz. Figure 14: PSD of filtered ( ruddy ) and unfiltered ( black ) signals at 1000 sample per rhythm and at a frequence of 500Hz. A signal is composed of two parts, the wanted signal and noise ( Pugh et al, 2010 ) . We consider the filtered signals from the figure above. Noise occurs when there is a deformation of flow in the signal ; such can be seen in the unfiltered signal where presence of noise is more seeable. In order to take most of the noise a low base on balls filter was used, with a cut-off frequence of 4Hz. The consequence of this showed minimum presence of noise in the system with really few deformations. It should be noted a possible beginning of noise in the system can happen from the brinies ( 50Hz and its multiples ) . From the figures above, at frequence 1 KHz, and samples of 1K, we observe white noise being present from 15Hz, with spikes at 45, 105, 205 and 265Hz. Besides at the frequence 500Hz, and samples of 1K, we observe white noise being present from 15Hz, with spikes at 50, 125, 165, 200, 285 and 365Hz. It is of import to cognize that the white noise is the most dominant noise, and it starts at the beginning of the spectrum.5. 100 CHANNEL SystemIn order to make a 100 channel logging system, the most suited equipment to utilize is a PXI-2575 or SCXI-1175. The National Instruments PXI-2575 and SCXI-1175 are high-density 100 – channel all-purpose multiplexer switch faculties. With 198 1-wire channels or 98 2-wire channels, the NI PXI-2575 and NI SCXI-1175 are capable of routing 100s of signals to measurement devices or from beginning units. Each channel uses robust electromechanical relays and is capable of exchanging up to 100 VDC/100 VAC or 1 A. With a scanning velocity of up to 140 hertzs, these faculties act as an first-class front-end for high-channel-count machine-controlled trial applications. Expanding the multiplexer channel count of an SCXI system is every bit easy as adding extra faculties. Analog signals can be passed between two or more SCXI-1175 switch faculties via the high electromotive force parallel backplane ( HVAB ) in an SCXI human body. Include the HVAB arrangers for a 4-slot SCXI human body ( p/n 776575-57x ) or a 12-slot human body ( 776575-58x ) to put up this capableness. With these connexions, you can immediately spread out your channels without complicated wiring ( National Instruments, 2010 ) The cost of this system is set at ?1,549, which is just monetary value given its versatility and easy use. Should be recommended for a company/University usage instead than self intents ( unless affordable ) . Figure 15: The National Instruments PXI-2575 ( left ) and SCXI-1175 ( right )6. DecisionThe overall purpose of the experiment was accomplished as temperature was acquired at a rate of 0.001 Seconds, with a hardware filter inputted in it, holding a cut-off frequence at 4Hz, electrical capacity of 0.1A µF and a opposition of 397.89 to take accompany noise signals, averaged over a scope between 100 – 1000 samples and so logged every 3 seconds. The dismay system displays a â€Å" Low Temp † message when temperature dropped below 20 grades and a â€Å" High Temp † message when it rose above 30 grades centigrade and makes a beeping sound. Noise was reduced with the aid of a Low base on balls filter and farther, by averaging over a figure of samples.

Facebook Manic Essay

Facebook is a social networking service launched in February 4, 2004, owned and operated by Facebook, Incorporated. The name of the service stems from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic year by some university administrations in the United States to help students get to know each other. Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Andrew McCollum, (graphic artist), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), and Chris Hughes. According to The Harvard Crimson, the site was comparable to â€Å"Hot or Not† and used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the ‘hotter’ person. The website’s membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. With its availability on many mobile devices. Facebook allows users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. It can also unite people with common interests and/or beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users. Quantcast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly unique U.S. visitors in May 2011. According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account. Facebook has turned into a national obsession in the United States, resulting in vast amounts of time lost and encouraging narcissism. Facebook being one of the most famous social networking site comes with it’s own pros and cons. There are many disadvantages of using facebook. Many people believe that  facebook has a lot of advantages and is convenient to use. But they ignore all the disadvantages that come with it. Excess of everything is bad and the statement is true for facebook.

Payroll Accounting Essay

I visited Cabela’s on friends and family night, so I observed their internal controls. I also asked my inside source of their internal controls that are not seen on the sales floor. My source provided me with Cabela’s Business Code and Ethics which clearly states: â€Å"All Outfitters are required to; appropriately manage and safeguard Cabela’s assets, ensure their efficient use, and ensure they are used for legitimate business purposes; maintain complete, accurate, and timely financial records related to their area of responsibility; assure the integrity of all Cabela’s books, records, and accounting practices.† Each new employee must read this booklet, and then sign their name stating that they read and are in compliance with what it outlines. Outfitters are required to cooperate with reason to any legal and governmental requests, inspections, and investigations. Some of the internal controls that I observed were computerized inventory, all Outfit ters with headsets, authorized personnel only in stockrooms, authorized personnel to check gun sells and gun buy backs, and high end merchandise not being handed over until paid for. When I was there I noticed some of the larger products were starting to run low, so I asked my source how they know if there were any more in stock without having to go to the stockroom. She said they have computerized inventory, so all she would have to do is put the UPC in the database. Then she would know right then if they were anymore or if they would have to place an order for the product. This leads to why every Outfitter having their own headset, once she finds out if there are more she just has to call over the headset to a recovery team member. The reason she has to call to the recovery team is because they are the only ones allowed in the stockroom. This cuts down on internal theft, helps with inventory, and audits. With this type of control when something is out of place whether that is merchandise or finance recordings it is easier to pin point the misstep. Another internal control that I was able to observe was high end merchandise is never released to a customer until the final transaction is complete. While there I overheard a customer asking for an expensive pair of  sunglasses in the gift shop section, the Outfitter got the sunglasses, took the gentleman’s name and told him they would be at register two when he was ready to check out. This helps with two things, theft being the biggest factor but also with the front registers being the only places non-specialized merchandise is purchased it cuts down on multiple closing records. I say non-specialized merchandise because guns of any type must be purchased at the register in the gun library. Which brings in the last internal control that I was able to observe; when a gun of any kind whether it be a small hand gun to a hunting rifle, not only is it purchased at the gun library but an authorized personnel called a gun runner carries the gun and escorts the customer to the exit door. Cabela’s also has an authorized person standing at the exit doors that has been told via headset that a gun runner with x-amount of guns is heading his way. He is also authorized to check and lock guns being brought into Cabela’s for buy back. After he puts a lock on it he then calls for a gun runner to come get the gun, carry it, and escort the customer to the gun library. With everything I observed and was told by my source, Cabela’s leaves no holes in their internal workings, from merchandise to keeping with their finance records. I would say they are doing something right because this is one of the few companies that have not had their name ran through â€Å"media mud† due to fraud.

The negative effects of illegal drug use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The negative effects of illegal drug use - Essay Example Almost one-quarter of these teenagers reported that they had participated in unprotected sex as a result of drug or alcohol use. It is important to note that alcohol is a powerful drug and illegal to minors putting it into the illegal drug category with respect to teenage use. Teens 14 and under who drink or use drugs are more likely to be having sex at double the rate of those in this age group that do not. High school teenagers that use alcohol are seven times more likely to have sex than their non-drinking peers. Older teens that drink are seven times as likely to have intercourse as non-drinking teens and those that use other drugs five times as likely. Drug and alcohol using teenagers are three and five times, respectively, more likely to have multiple sexual partners (Hartge, 1999). Teenagers experience more emotional fluctuations than do younger children or an adult which explains why the suicide rate is higher in that group. Teenagers that use drugs and alcohol are more likely to attempt suicide. According to a study of teenagers that attempted suicide, alcohol and drug abuse was the most frequently shared characteristic. Of the teenagers that took their own life, 70 per cent were frequent users of drugs and/or alcohol. However, current research does not demonstrate that drug and alcohol use actually instigates suicide, just that these behaviors are connected.   Teenagers that experience emotional problems to a higher degree than others have a greater propensity to consider suicide and to use drugs. (Shaffer et al, 1996). Illegal substances most frequently linked with drug-related fatalities include opiates such as heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and barbiturates. Alcohol, particularly when used in combination with harder drugs, is also linked with drug-related deaths. Cannabis and hallucinogens (i.e.

Warehouse Performance Measurement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Warehouse Performance Measurement - Case Study Example Understanding the importance of technology is crucial in value addition. Primarily, much value is lost from damaged goods or expired goods. With scanning technology, it is very easy for an organization to maintain a record of all products, those damaged and those that came in first, ensuring that they are sold earlier than those that come in later. Secondly, another approach that is heavily relied upon conventional warehouses to add value to goods in stock is to increase efficiency. Although technology is mainly centered on improving the value of goods in warehouses, several other strategies are in use by warehouses to add value to their goods. Maintaining efficiency in the storage and withdrawal of goods from the warehouse could help add value of the goods. Primarily, by recurrently monitoring the stock and assessing its safety is vital to adding value to goods. Broken products, for instance, cannot be identified unless there are constant routine checks. Monitoring stock can be done orally and damaged goods can be eliminated from the warehouse, returned to seller or back the manufacturing unit for servicing or to aid in the creation of other products. Recycling damaged goods is a sure way to save on manufacturing and warehousing costs as otherwise, the damaged goods would be disposed. There are several measures of warehouse performance have been established. Primarily, the main measure is efficiency. Efficiently managed warehouses perform well. As such, efficiency in the inventory taking process, space allocation and use, and quality and cost control. Successful warehouses not only have good organization, but also save on costs (Richards, 2011). Efficiency helps reduce on costs of managing a warehouse and hence improves the performance of a warehouse. In addition to the proposed strategies pertaining to the performance of warehouses, several measures are used to evaluate warehouse